How is a personality disorder defined in DSM-5 terms?

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Enduring, pervasive patterns that begin in adolescence or early adulthood and show up across multiple contexts define a personality disorder in DSM-5. This description captures the key elements: the pattern is long-standing, not just a temporary issue; it permeates different areas of life (relationships, work, etc.); and it deviates from cultural expectations in a way that is relatively stable over time and often leads to distress or impairment. The option that states a pervasive pattern present across various contexts beginning in early adulthood fits these criteria best, making it the most accurate choice. The other descriptions describe mood disturbances, cognitive deficits, or somatic symptom concerns, which point to different kinds of disorders rather than a personality pattern.