Which behavioral therapy technique uses tokens to reinforce desired behaviors?

• A. Token economy
• B. Systemic desensitization
• C. Exposure therapy
• D. Role playing

Answer: (B)

Token economy is a behavioral therapy approach in which individuals earn tokens for displaying target behaviors, and those tokens can be exchanged for rewards. Tokens act as conditioned reinforcers: they have value because they can be traded for tangible rewards, so earning them strengthens the desired behaviors and makes them more likely to occur again. This system is particularly useful in structured environments like schools or clinics because it provides immediate, observable reinforcement that is separate from the activity itself.

The other techniques focus on different mechanisms. Systematic desensitization pairs relaxation with a gradually increasing fear hierarchy to reduce phobic responses. Exposure therapy involves directly confronting feared situations to reduce avoidance and anxiety. Role playing involves practicing social or interpersonal skills through guided acting scenarios.