Which term describes the physiological state when symptoms occur after cessation of heavy or prolonged substance use?

• A. Substance use
• B. Intoxication
• C. Withdrawal
• D. Disorder

Answer: (C)

Withdrawal is the physiological state that occurs after cessation of heavy or prolonged substance use. When someone has developed physical dependence, the body adapts to the presence of the drug; stopping it disrupts this balance and produces symptoms as the body readjusts to functioning without the substance. This differs from intoxication, which is the state of being under the influence while the substance is being used. It also differs from substance use broadly (the act of using the drug) and from a substance use disorder (a diagnosed pattern of problematic use causing impairment). Understanding withdrawal helps explain why stopping a substance can lead to a recognizable cluster of physical and psychological symptoms and why treatment often focuses on managing and tapering withdrawal safely.